兩線(xian)制(zhi)是(shi)指(zhi)現(xian)場(chang)變(bian)送(song)器與(yu)控制(zhi)室(shi)儀表聯(lian)系僅用兩根導(dao)線(xian),這兩根線(xian)既是(shi)電(dian)源線(xian),又(you)是(shi)信號(hao)線(xian)。兩線(xian)制(zhi)與(yu)三線(xian)制(zhi) (壹根(gen)正電(dian)源線(xian),兩根信號(hao)線(xian),其中壹根(gen)共(gong)GND) 和(he)四(si)線(xian)制(zhi)(兩根正負電(dian)源線(xian),兩根信號(hao)線(xian),其中壹根(gen)GND)相(xiang)比,兩線(xian)制(zhi)的優點是(shi):1、不(bu)易受(shou)寄(ji)生(sheng)熱(re)電(dian)偶(ou)和(he)沿電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)阻(zu)壓降和(he)溫漂(piao)的影(ying)響(xiang),可(ke)用非(fei)常便宜(yi)的更(geng)細(xi)的導(dao)線(xian);可(ke)節(jie)省(sheng)大量電(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)和(he)安裝費用;
2、在(zai)電(dian)流源輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)阻(zu)足夠大時,經磁(ci)場耦合感(gan)應到(dao)導(dao)線(xian)環(huan)路(lu)內(nei)的電(dian)壓,不會產生(sheng)顯(xian)著影(ying)響,因為幹(gan)擾源引起(qi)的電(dian)流極(ji)小,壹般利用雙絞(jiao)線(xian)就能降低幹(gan)擾;兩線(xian)制(zhi)與(yu)三線(xian)制(zhi)必須用屏(ping)蔽線(xian),屏(ping)蔽線(xian)的屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)要妥善接(jie)地(di)。
3、電(dian)容(rong)性幹(gan)擾會導致(zhi)接(jie)收(shou)器電(dian)阻(zu)有關(guan)誤差,對(dui)於(yu)4~20mA兩線(xian)制(zhi)環(huan)路(lu),接(jie)收(shou)器電(dian)阻(zu)通常為250Ω(取(qu)樣Uout=1~5V)這個(ge)電(dian)阻(zu)小到不(bu)足(zu)以產生(sheng)顯(xian)著誤差,因此(ci),可(ke)以允許的電(dian)線(xian)長(chang)度比(bi)電(dian)壓遙(yao)測(ce)系統(tong)更(geng)長(chang)更(geng)遠;
4、各(ge)個(ge)單臺(tai)示(shi)讀裝置(zhi)或(huo)記(ji)錄裝(zhuang)置(zhi)可(ke)以在(zai)電(dian)線(xian)長(chang)度不(bu)等(deng)的不(bu)同(tong)通道間(jian)進行換(huan)接(jie),不(bu)因電(dian)線(xian)長(chang)度的不(bu)等(deng)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)精度的差異,實現分(fen)散(san)采集,分(fen)散(san)式(shi)采集的好(hao)處(chu)就是(shi):分(fen)散(san)采集,集中控(kong)制(zhi)....
5、將(jiang)4mA用於(yu)零(ling)電(dian)平(ping),使(shi)判斷開(kai)路(lu)與(yu)短(duan)路(lu)或(huo)傳(chuan)感(gan)器損(sun)壞(0mA狀(zhuang)態)十(shi)分(fen)方(fang)便。
6,在(zai)兩線(xian)輸(shu)出(chu)口(kou)非(fei)常容(rong)易增設(she)壹兩只(zhi)防(fang)雷防(fang)浪(lang)湧(yong)器(qi)件,有利(li)於(yu)安全防(fang)雷防(fang)爆。